In a world where virtually every nation hosts at least one university, two stand out as notable exceptions:
Vatican City
This tiny, clerical city-state—covering just 49 hectares within Rome—doesn’t have any traditional schools, universities, or educational institutions within its borders. With fewer than 1,000 residents, it relies on nearby institutions for training its clergy and citizens, typically sending students to universities in Rome and beyond.
Eritrea
Once home to the University of Asmara, founded in 1958, Eritrea underwent a major restructuring in 2007 when that university was closed. It was replaced by a network of specialized colleges—such as the Eritrea Institute of Technology and other professional institutes—which offer degree programs. Although these institutions grant qualifications, the country no longer has a single unified university, making it unique in Africa.
Those are the only two countries officially recognized today without a university operating within their borders.
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